The acquisition of Alaska by the United States from Russia in 1867 remains one of history’s most intriguing land deals. While the vast territory is now known for its abundant natural resources and strategic importance, the initial purchase price often raises eyebrows. Just how much did the U.S. pay for Alaska, and what were the circumstances surrounding this monumental transaction?
The Treaty of Cession: Laying the Groundwork
The agreement that formalized the sale of Alaska is known as the Treaty of Cession. Signed on March 30, 1867, by representatives of both the United States and Russia, this document outlines the terms and conditions of the transfer of ownership. The treaty, written in both English and French, details the geographical boundaries of the territory, the rights of the inhabitants, and, most importantly, the financial compensation to be paid to Russia.
The Treaty of Cession between the United States of America and Russia, also known as the Alaska Purchase, finalized the transfer of the Alaskan territory to the United States.
The Price Tag: $7.2 Million in Gold
Article VI of the Treaty of Cession explicitly states the purchase price: “In consideration of the cession aforesaid, the United States agree to pay at the treasury in Washington, within ten months after the exchange of the ratifications of this convention, to the diplomatic representative or other agent of his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, duly authorized to receive the same, seven million two hundred thousand dollars in gold.”
Therefore, the answer to the question “How Much Was Alaska Bought For?” is $7.2 million in gold. This sum, while seemingly small by today’s standards, was a significant amount of money in 1867.
Understanding the Value
To put the $7.2 million price tag into perspective, it’s helpful to consider the value of gold at the time and the size of the territory being acquired. Alaska encompasses approximately 586,412 square miles (1,518,800 square kilometers). This equates to roughly 2 cents per acre.
While some critics at the time derided the purchase as “Seward’s Folly” (named after then-Secretary of State William H. Seward, who spearheaded the acquisition), the long-term value of Alaska has proven to be immense. The territory is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, minerals, and timber. Its strategic location has also become increasingly important over time.
Key Provisions of the Treaty
Beyond the price, the Treaty of Cession included several other important provisions:
- Territorial Boundaries: Article I clearly defined the eastern and western boundaries of the ceded territory, referencing previous agreements between Russia and Great Britain.
- Property Rights: Article II addressed property rights, stipulating that public lands, buildings, and infrastructure would be transferred to the United States. Churches built by the Russian government were to remain the property of their congregations.
- Rights of Inhabitants: Article III outlined the rights of the inhabitants of Alaska. They were given the option to return to Russia within three years or to remain in Alaska and become U.S. citizens (excluding “uncivilized native tribes,” who would be subject to specific laws and regulations).
- Transfer of Possession: Article IV detailed the process for the formal transfer of the territory from Russian agents to U.S. representatives.
William H. Seward, the U.S. Secretary of State, was instrumental in negotiating the Alaska Purchase, leading to it being briefly known as “Seward’s Folly” before its value was realized.
The Legacy of the Alaska Purchase
The purchase of Alaska was a pivotal moment in American history. It expanded the country’s territory, provided access to valuable resources, and enhanced its strategic position. While the initial price of $7.2 million may seem low today, the long-term benefits of the Alaska Purchase have been undeniable, solidifying its place as one of the most significant and successful land acquisitions in history. The answer to “how much was Alaska bought for” is therefore more than just a number; it’s the beginning of a story of economic prosperity and strategic advantage.
