Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that can cause discomfort and concern. If you suspect you have BV, understanding how it’s diagnosed and treated is the first step to getting rid of it and maintaining your vaginal health. This article will guide you through the process of diagnosis and explore the effective treatments available to help you get rid of BV.
Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis and Diagnosis
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when there’s an imbalance of bacteria in your vagina. While it’s not always clear what causes this imbalance, it can lead to noticeable symptoms. To determine if you have BV, your doctor will employ several diagnostic methods:
Pelvic Exam
A pelvic exam is a standard procedure to check your reproductive organs. During this exam, your doctor will visually inspect your vagina for any signs of infection, such as redness or unusual discharge. They will then insert one or two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina while simultaneously pressing on your abdomen with their other hand. This allows them to feel your uterus and ovaries and check for any abnormalities or pain.
Vaginal Discharge Sample
To confirm a diagnosis of BV, your doctor will likely take a sample of your vaginal discharge. This sample is then examined under a microscope to look for “clue cells.” Clue cells are vaginal cells that are coated with bacteria, a key indicator of bacterial vaginosis.
Vaginal pH Test
Another diagnostic tool is a vaginal pH test. This test measures the acidity level in your vagina using a pH strip. A healthy vagina is typically acidic. A vaginal pH of 4.5 or higher suggests a less acidic environment, which is often associated with bacterial vaginosis.
Effective Treatments to Get Rid of BV
Once diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, effective treatments are available to restore the bacterial balance in your vagina and alleviate symptoms. Your doctor will likely prescribe one of the following medications:
Prescription Medications
Several prescription medications are highly effective in treating BV. These are typically antibiotics and come in various forms:
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Metronidazole (Flagyl, Metrogel-Vaginal, others): This medication is available as an oral pill or a topical gel that is inserted into the vagina. If prescribed metronidazole, it’s crucial to avoid alcohol consumption during treatment and for 24 hours after, as it can cause nausea and stomach upset. Always follow the specific instructions provided with the product.
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Clindamycin (Cleocin, Clindesse, others): Clindamycin is another antibiotic available as a vaginal cream, pill, or suppository. The cream and suppositories can weaken latex condoms, so it’s recommended to avoid sexual intercourse during treatment and for at least three days after completing treatment. If you are sexually active, use an alternative method of birth control during this period.
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Tinidazole (Tindamax): Tinidazole is an oral medication similar to metronidazole. It can also cause stomach upset, so alcohol should be avoided during treatment and for three days after.
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Secnidazole (Solosec): Secnidazole is a convenient single-dose antibiotic taken orally with food. It comes in granule form that you sprinkle on soft foods like applesauce or yogurt and consume within 30 minutes, being careful not to chew the granules.
It’s important to note that treatment for male sexual partners is generally not necessary. However, BV can be transmitted between female partners, so testing and treatment may be recommended for female partners experiencing symptoms.
Crucially, complete the full course of medication prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve or disappear before you finish. Stopping treatment early can lead to a recurrence of BV.
Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis
Unfortunately, bacterial vaginosis can recur, even with proper treatment. Recurrence is common within 3 to 12 months for some women. If you experience recurring BV, it’s important to discuss this with your healthcare provider. They may recommend extended-use metronidazole therapy or explore other management strategies.
While probiotics have been investigated for preventing recurrent BV, current research does not strongly support their use as a primary treatment option. Studies have shown that probiotics may not be more effective than a placebo in preventing BV recurrence. Therefore, probiotics are not currently a recommended standard treatment for bacterial vaginosis.
Preparing for Your Doctor’s Appointment
To make the most of your appointment and ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, consider these preparation tips:
- Schedule your appointment when you don’t have your period. Menstrual bleeding can interfere with the doctor’s ability to clearly assess vaginal discharge.
- Avoid using tampons, vaginal sprays, douching, and sexual intercourse for 24 hours before your appointment. These can alter vaginal discharge and potentially affect test results.
What to Discuss with Your Doctor
Be prepared to discuss your symptoms and ask questions. Consider bringing a list of:
- Your symptoms: Note all symptoms, even if you think they are unrelated.
- Current medications and supplements: Include dosages and frequency.
- Questions you have: Prioritize your most important questions. Examples include:
- How can I prevent BV?
- What symptoms should I watch for?
- Do I need medication?
- Should my partner be tested or treated?
- Are there specific instructions for taking the medication?
- Are there over-the-counter treatments?
- What should I do if symptoms return?
Don’t hesitate to ask questions during your appointment if anything is unclear.
Questions Your Doctor May Ask
Your doctor will also ask you questions to understand your situation better. Be ready to answer questions such as:
- What symptoms are you experiencing?
- How long have you had symptoms?
- Have you noticed a vaginal odor?
- Have you been treated for vaginal infections before?
- Have you used any over-the-counter treatments?
- Have you recently taken antibiotics?
- Are you sexually active?
- Are you pregnant?
- Do you use scented soaps or bubble baths?
- Do you douche or use feminine hygiene sprays?
By being prepared and informed, you can work effectively with your doctor to get rid of BV and maintain your vaginal health. Remember, bacterial vaginosis is treatable, and seeking timely medical advice is key to resolving the infection and preventing recurrence.
